Difference between List of ? (any type) and List of Object in Java Generics

No doubt that Generics is one of the most confusing topics in Java and you can easily forget concepts and rules, especially, if you don't code Java everyday. For example, both List<?> and List<Object> looks similar but there is a subtle difference between them, the List<?> is basically a list of any type, you can assign a list of String i.e. List<String> or list of Integer i.e. List<Integer> to it. You see the point, it uses the unbounded wildcard <?>, which means any type. It provides it the much needed Polymorphism require while writing Generic methods. Basically, if your method has a type List<?> which means you can pass any type of List to it but remember the type is unknown, until you assign it i.e. List<?> myList = new List<String>(). 

10 Examples of Java Regular Expression Special or Meta Characters

Hello guys, If you want to learn regular expression better in Java, you must remember meaning of all the special characters. They are the one, which makes a regular expression complex, but if you know and understand them then you can easily understand at least 50% of regular expression you encountered in Java applications. They are also known as reserved characters. In a regular expression, a character denotes itself unless it is one of the special character. For example, regular expression "a" will match letter "a" and return true, if input is "a" and false otherwise, but "a*" will not match input "a*", instead it will match any input which contains just e.g. "a", "aaa", or "aaaa". It will also match with empty String because * means zero or more times, so a* means "a" appearing zero or more times, as shown below:

Top 10 Golang Project Ideas for Beginners and Experienced Developers

Hello guys, if you want to learn Golang in 2024 then there is no better way then buidling projects. In my 20 years of programming career I have learned many programming langauge by following this method but its important to choose the right kind of projects to build. Because, if you choose the too tough and complex project then you will fail and lose interest while if you choose trivial projects then you will not enjoy and your learning will not grow, hence I am going to share right kind of Golang projects you can build in 2024 to learn Go programming language but, before we get to some of the best Golang project ideas for beginners, let me tell you what Golang really is. Golang or simply Go is basically an open-source programming language that is focused on simplicity, efficiency, and reliability. It was originally designed by Google way back in 2007. 

How to create a React application using Redux hooks? Example Tutorial

Hello guys, Redux is one of the most popular state management library. It is often used with React apps that are huge in size and state are shared among multiple components. Redux is a complex library to understand and even more complex to implement. It was even more complex and complicated before the introduction of react-redux hooks. Earlier, the connect method provided by Redux was used to connect React with the Redux store. Using connect method with other methods such as mapstatetoprops was complicated. But with the introduction of react-redux hooks, it is easy to use redux with redux. In this article, we will discuss what are react-redux hooks and how to use them with React.

How to sort ArrayList in Natural and Custom Order in Java - Example Tutorial

Sorting ArrayList in Java is a common task for Java developers and we have touched it while discussing in my last article 10 Examples of  ArrayList in Java and again when we discussed comparator and comparable in Java. There are multiple ways to sort ArrayList in Java for example, you an use Collections.sort() method or List.sort(), or Stream.sort() method to sort an ArrayList in Java depending upon which Java version are you using. If you want a solution irrespective of Java version then Collections.sort() is the best way because this method is available since JDK 1.1. In order to sort an ArrayList, we need to use the Collections utility class which contains an overloaded sort() method for sorting different collections and supports different comparators in Java. In this article, we will see how to sort ArrayList in the natural order of elements and then sorting ArrayList in Java with a comparator.

How to enable Spring MVC in Java Web Application? Example Tutorial

In last article, I have shared thoughts on how to enable Spring Security on Java Web application, where my reader also shown interest to know how to configure/enable Spring MVC in Java web application. Though, this is very basic information, it helps a lot to anyone who is new to String framework and want to understand then essential steps required to enable Spring MVC framework for a Java based web application. It's easy to configure Spring MVC if you have developed a simple hello word kind of program using Servlet or JSP and familiar with web application fundamentals in Java world e.g. Servlet container like Tomcat, deployment descriptor file or web.xml, Servlet or JSP itself and some essential tags on web.xml e.g. <servlet> and <servlet-mapping>, <url-pattern> etc. 

How to conditionally render view in JSP using Spring Security tag library? Example tutorial

One of the common requirement of secure Java application is to show and hide content based upon role of current user. For example, a logged in user can see his name e.g. Welcome User1 but that link is not visible to an unauthenticated user. Similarly, a user with admin role can see a lot of admin related functionality which should not be visible to a normal user e.g. add/remove users, disable users, create roles, edit roles etc. How can you achieve such condition based rendering in view? Does spring security support that? Well, the answer is Yes. Spring security provide a tag library which you can use in JSP pages to perform a lot of authentication and authorization related stuff e.g. you can access current user's name, you can access access current user's role and you can also conditionally show/hide certain section of views based upon user's role. 

How to get current logged in user in JSP and Controller using Spring Security? Example Tutorial

One of the common task while using Spring Security in a Java web application is getting the username of currently logged in user. Sometime, you need that in your controller class and sometime in JSP for view purpose, but the big question mark is how do you get the current user in Spring Security? Well, there are many ways to do it and depending upon whether you need it inside a JSP page or Controller class, you can choose them. The current user, also known as Principal in Spring Security can be obtained from the UserDetails class, which holds all details for currently logged in user. You can get this class from the SecurityContext, which in turn can be retrieved from SecurityContextHolder as shown below:

How Request mapping or HandlerMapping works in Spring MVC? @RequestMapping Example

Hello guys, In last a couple of articles, we have learned how Spring MVC framework works and what is the role of DispatcherServlet in Spring MVC. We have briefly touched another frequently asked Spring MVC interview question, how does requests are mapped to controllers in Spring MVC? In this article, we'll expand our knowledge on that. You have learned that DispatcherServlet is the front controller in Spring MVC framework, it is the single point entry and all incoming request goes through it, but instead of processing those request it just dispatches the request to the appropriate handler methods based on the request mapping, but how does it do that?

How to secure an URL using hasRole() in Spring Security? Is it enough to hide sections of JSP to protect URL? Example?

One of the Spring security question asked to me on a recent interview was about is it enough to hide portions of JSP to protect a URL from unauthorized access in Spring security? First of all I didn't understand the question, so I ask him to clarify a bit more. He explained to me that there are different roles in his application e.g. DEVELOPER, ADMIN, TRADER, OPERATION and each role can only see the functionalities based upon their role. For example, an ADMIN has a right to add or remove new users into the system, while DEVELOPER can only see test order, but OPERATION can see all orders. 

How to show current logged in username in JSP using Spring Security? Example Tutorial

One of the common feature of secure Java web application to show the username as link on the top right corner of web application once user successfully logged in. Some application also show the logout or sign-out link like that but how do you display the current user or principal name in a JSP page secured using Spring security library? Well, Spring Security provides a small but userful JSP tag library which contains custom tags similar to JSTL, which can show a lot of useful authentication and authorization details of current user. For example, you can use <s:authetication> tag to display the current principal details including the username of currently logged in user. The tag name is authentication here and s is the prefix you specify while importing tag using taglib directive in JSP. 

5 Ways to Update Values in ConcurrentHashMap in Java 8 - Example Tutorial

In last article, I have showed you how to update value in HashMap and today we'll learn about how to update value in a ConcurrentHashMap. Some of you may question, can we use the same technique we used to update a value in HashMap here? well, you can but you need to keep in mind the difference between an HashMap and a ConcurrentHashMap. The HashMap is only meant to be updated by one thread at a time, hence you don't need to pay any attention to thread-safety or concurrency, but ConcurrentHashMap can be updated by multiple threads at the same time, hence you need to pay special attention. 

Why Java and Spring Developers Should Learn RESTful Web Services and Microservices

More and More companies are adopting  Microservices architecture e.g. Uber and Netflix already uses it and many startups I know is choosing REST and MicroService as the standard way to build and provide their services. This is fueling the demand for programmers who can develop robust and scalable Microservices and RESTful Web Services. Since Java is one of the most popular language for developing backend, it is also benefiting from this trend. The demand for Java developers who knows Spring framework and understand how to build RESTful web services is huge and that's why it has become a key skill in Java application development job market. 

15 Example of print() and println() methods in Java

Hello guys, if you have learned Java in early 2000 then there is  good chance that you must have written your first Java code using System.out.println(). For a long time, I have no idea what that mean but I alway use it to print messages on console. When I started working in Java and preparing for Java certification then I come to know that System is a class and out is an object of PrintStream which has println() method. That was a revelation for me. I also found that Java provides a powerful set of I/O classes for handling various input and output operations. Among these, the PrintStream class stands out as a versatile tool for writing formatted text to output streams. The print(), printf() and println() methods within the PrintStream class, as well as System.out.println(), are particularly useful for printing different types of data to the console or other output destinations.

How to fix Eclipse - Could not reserve enough space for object heap in Java? Solution

If you are running Java program in Eclipse and ever tried playing with -Xmx parameter you know about those virtual machine initialization error e.g. "“Error occurred during initialization of VM; Could not reserve enough space for object heap”. This error usually occur when you to try to give your program, running on 32-bit JVM more than 1.4G of memory in Eclipse in Windows. It doesn't matter how much memory your machine have e.g. I have seen this error in laptops running 4GB of memory. The important thing which matter is whether JRE or JVM you are using with Eclipse is 32-bit or 64-bit. If you use 64-bit JRE in Eclipse, you can potentially allocate more than 1.4G of memory in Windows itself.