How to String Split Example in Java - Tutorial

Java String Split Example
I don't know how many times I needed to Split a String in Java. Splitting a delimited String is a very common operation given various data sources e.g CSV file which contains input string in the form of large String separated by the comma. Splitting is necessary and Java API has great support for it. Java provides two convenience methods to split strings first within the java.lang.String class itself: split (regex) and other in java.util.StringTokenizer. Both are capable of splitting the string by any delimiter provided to them. Since String is final in Java every split-ed String is a new String in Java.

Difference between EnumMap and HashMap in Java

HashMap vs EnumMap in Java

What is the difference between EnumMap and HashMap in Java is the latest Java collection interview question which has been asked to a couple of my friends? This is one of the tricky Java questions, especially if you are not very much familiar with EnumMap in Java, which is not uncommon, given you can use it with only Enum keys. The main difference between EnumMap and HashMap is that EnumMap is a specialized Map implementation exclusively for Enum as key. Using Enum as key allows doing some implementation level optimization for high performance which is generally not possible with other objects as key.

ORA-00904: invalid identifier Error in Oracle 11g database - Solved

If you have worked in Oracle database ever, you would definitely have seen ORA-00904: invalid identifier error. Doesn't matter which version you are working 10g, 11g or 12g, this is one of the most common error comes while doing CRUD (Create, Read, Update, and Delete) operations in Oracle. By the way, if you are beginner, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE are used to perform CRUD operation in Oracle database. What do you do if you get this error while running in SQL script? Like any error, you should first pay attention to error message, what is Oracle trying to say here. Invalid identifier means the column name entered is either missing or invalid, this is one of the most common cause of this error but not the only one.

How clone method works in Java?

The clone() is a tricky method from java.lang.Object class, which is used to create a copy of an Object in Java. The intention of the clone() method is simple, to provide a cloning mechanism, but somehow it's implementation became tricky and has been widely criticized from a long time. Anyway, we will not go to classic debate of clone in Java, at least for now; instead, we will try to learn how clone method works in Java. To be fair, understating cloning mechanism in Java is not easy and even experienced Java programmer fail to explain how cloning of mutable object works, or a difference between deep and shallow copy in Java.

Difference between trustStore and keyStore in Java - SSL

trustStore vs keyStore in Java

trustStore and keyStore are used in the context of setting up SSL connection in Java application between client and server. TrustStore and keyStore are very much similar in terms of construct and structure as both are managed by keytoolcommand and represented by KeyStore programmatically but they often confused Java programmer both beginners and intermediate alike. Only difference between trustStore and keyStore is what they store and its purpose. In SSL handshake purpose of trustStore is to verify credentials and the purpose of keyStore is to provide credential. keyStore in Java stores private key and certificates corresponding to there public keys and require if you are SSL Server or SSL requires client authentication.

How to remove all elements from ArrayList in Java - Clear vs RemoveAll

Many times we want to reset an ArrayList for the reusing purpose, by resetting we mean clearing it or removing all elements. There are two ways to reset an ArrayList in Java, by using clear() method or calling removeAll(). If your ArrayList is small enough e.g. contains only 10 or 100 elements then you can use any of these two methods without worrying too much, but, if you have a huge list of lots of objects e.g. an ArrayList containing 10M entries, then choice of clear() vs removeAll() can make a huge difference in performance of your Java application. Sometimes it's even better to create a new ArrayList instead of resetting the old one, especially if resetting takes a long time, but this also has a caveat, you need to make sure that old ArrayList is eligible for garbage collection, otherwise there is a huge risk of java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java Heap Space.

Java 8 forEach() Loop Example

Java 8 has introduced a new way to loop over a List or Collection, by using the forEach() method of the new Stream class. You can iterate over any Collection e.g. List, Set, or Map by converting them into a java.util.sttream.Stream instance and then calling the forEach() method. This method performs given operation on every element of Stream, which can be either simply printing it or doing something else. Since stream can be sequential or parallel, the behavior of if this method is not deterministic if used with a parallel stream. One more thing to remember about the forEach() method is that it's a terminal operation, which means you cannot reuse the Stream after calling this method. It will throw IllegalStateException if you try to call another method on this Stream.

Code Review Checklist and Best practices in Java

What to review while doing Code review
Code Review and Unit testing are some of the best development practices I always recommend, strive for, and enforce as much as possible. Even just by doing code review and Junit test case always offer positive result it can be improved a lot by constantly learning with our mistakes, others mistakes and by observing how others are doing it. I always try to get my code review done by someone with more technical and domain experience so that I can capture any domain-specific scenarios which have been missed during think through the process.

How to convert String to Date in Java - SimpleDateFormat Example

SimpleDateFormat in Java can be used to convert String to Date in Java. java.text.SimpleDateFormat is an implementation of DateFormat which defines a date pattern and can convert a particular String which follows that pattern into Date in Java.This is the second part of the article on java.util.Date and String in Java. In the first part, we have seen How to convert Date to String in Java. SimpleDateFormat accepts a String in any date format e.g. yyyyMMdd is a date pattern and  20110924 is a String in that format. Now you want to create a java.util.Date object from this String.

JSTL forTokens Tag Example - Split String in JSP

JSTL forTokens tag is another tag in core JSTL library to support Iteration or looping. It effectively compliments, more useful <c:forEach> tag, by allowing you to iterate over comma-separated or any delimited String. You can use this tag to split string in JSP and can operate on them individually. forTokens tag has similar attributes like forEach JSTL tag except one more attribute called delims, which specifies delimiter. For example to iterate over colon-separated String "abc:cde:fgh:ijk", delims=":". By the way, forTokens tag also accept multiple delimiters, which means, you can split a big string into token-based upon multiple delimiter e.g. colon(:) and pipe (|),

How to write Production quality code?

We often hear the term "production quality code", some times in an interview where the interviewee asked to write production-quality code for a particular function, sometimes discussion between developers and programmers and sometimes during code review. I know most of you familiar with the term but for those who wonder what is production quality code in simple terms its code which can bear the test of time in a production environment. We all develop code in development, then test in QA and finally, it gets released in production.

Variable argument or Varargs methods from Java 5 with Example - Programming Tutorial

Variable argument or varargs in Java allows you to write more flexible methods which can accept as many arguments as you need. variable arguments or varargs were added in Java 1.5 along with great language features like Java Enum, Generics, autoboxing and various others. Variable arguments a relatively small feature but useful for a developer who has been well aware of method and array. Some time we have a scenario that one method can take a variable number of argument and now with varargs from language makes it much easier. In this Java tutorial, we will see How variable arguments makes it easy to write convenient method which can accept any number of arguments,  perfect candidates are sum() and average() kind of methods.

10 Tips to override toString() method in Java - ToStringBuilder Netbeans Eclipse

Java toString method

toString method in Java is used to provide clear and concise information about Objects in a human-readable format. A correctly overridden toString method can help in logging and debugging Java programs by providing valuable and meaningful information. Since toString() is defined in java.lang.Object class and its default implementation don't provide much information, it's always a best practice to override the toString method in a subclass. In fact, if you are creating value class or domain class e.g. Order, Trade or Employee,  always override equals, hashCode, compareTo, and toString method in Java.

How to read File into String in Java 7, 8 with Example

Many times you want to read contents of a file into String, but, unfortunately, it was not a trivial job in Java, at least not until JDK 1.7. In Java 8, you can read a file into String in just one line of code. Prior to the release of new File IO API, you have to write a lot of boilerplate code e.g. open an input stream, convert that input stream into a Reader, and then wrap that into a BufferedReader and so on. Of course, JDK 1.5's Scanner class did provide some breathing space but it was still not as simple as it should be, like in Python or Ruby. By using Java 7 new File API and Java 8's new features like lambda expression and stream API, Java is now close to Python or other utility languages, when it comes to reading the file into String.

Common Multi-threading Mistakes in Java - Calling run() instead of start()

Writing multi-threaded and concurrent programs is not easy, not even in Java.  Even senior developers, including myself, make mistakes while writing concurrent Java applications. This is also one of the trickiest area of Java programming language, where misconceptions outnumbers concepts. Considering amount of misconception an average Java programmer has about multi-threading and concurrency, I thought to start a new series about common multi-threading mistakes done by Java programmers; what is better way to learn from common real word mistakes. Learning from mistakes has another name Experience, but if you only learn from your mistakes then there is only limited things you can learn, but if you learn from other peoples mistake, you can learn much more in short span of time.

How to determine Type of object at runtime in Java - Runtime Type Identification

Runtime Type identification in Java
Determining the Type of object at runtime in Java means finding what kind of object it is. For those who are not familiar with What is a Type in Java,  Type is the name of class e..g for “abc” which is a String object, Type is String. Finding Type of any object at runtime is also known as Runtime Type Identification in Java. Determining Type becomes increasingly important for a method that accepts parameter of type java.lang.An object like compareTo method of the Comparable class. Since two objects of different types can not be equal to each other if we know how to determine the type of object from the object itself then we can, not only avoid ClassCastExcpetion but also optimized the equals method. Java provides three different ways to find the type of an object at runtime like instanceof keyword, getClass(), and isInstance() method of java.lang.Class.

10 examples of displaytag in JSP, Struts and Spring

Display tag is one of the best free open source libraries for showing data in tabular format in a J2EE application using jsp, struts or spring. it is shipped as tag library so you can just include this  in your jsp and add corresponding jar and there dependency in class-path and you are ready to use it. Display tag is my favorite solution for displaying any tabular data because of its inherent capability on paging and sorting. It provides great support for pagination on its own but it also allows you to implement your own pagination solution. On Sorting front you can sort your data based on any column, implement default sorting etc.

Difference between HashMap and HashSet in Java

HashMap vs HashSet is the most frequently asked question during any core java interview and the interview is not said completed until they will not cover the Collection Framework and multi-threading interview and collections are uncompleted without Covering Hash Set and HashMap.

Both HashMap and HashSet are part of the collection framework which allows us to work with a collection of objects. Collection Framework has its own interfaces and implementation classes. Basically, a collection is divided as Set Interface, List, and Queue Interfaces.

How to Create Complex directory Tree Using mkdir -p Command in UNIX

One of the most common task in any Linux is creating directories, and most of us spend a lot of time creating complex directory structure in UNIX.  I am sure you know about mkdir command, we have been using this command in almost every operating system e..g DOS, Windows, Linux, OS/2, Solaris or many other *NIX operating system. It is one of the basic command but as important as find, grep or chmod.  mkdir stands for "make directory" and this command is literally used to create directories. Suppose, you need to create a directory tree like /opt/software/java/app/config, how are you going to create these directories? One by one right? Well, yes you can use mkdir and command to create these directories one by one as shown in below example :

Eclipse - java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet in Tomcat

Problem : You are getting java.lang.ClassNotFoundException exception complaining that Spring's DispatcherServlet class is not available in the classpath. This error is coming while running a Spring MVC based Java application from Eclipse and Tomcat as Server (running inside Eclipse IDE itself). You have either included spring framework JAR files manually by yourself or you are using Maven to download and manage dependent JAR files. Here is the stack trace of this error :

java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1678)
    at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1523)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClass(DefaultInstanceManager.java:525)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.loadClassMaybePrivileged(DefaultInstanceManager.java:507)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.DefaultInstanceManager.newInstance(DefaultInstanceManager.java:126)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.loadServlet(StandardWrapper.java:1099)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper.load(StandardWrapper.java:1043)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.loadOnStartup(StandardContext.java:4957

10 Interview Questions Every Programmer Should Know

Conducting Interview is not cheap and costs both time and money to a company. It take a lot of time to find the right candidate for a job from 100s resume you receive from consultants and agents. They will always tell you that this guy is a Java Guru, this one is SQL Expert and next one is the full stack developer you are looking for. If you have trust them blindly and invite all of them for face-to-face interview, you are going to be disappointed. One of the first thing you should do is to filter candidates who claims to have certain skills e.g. SQL but doesn't have them, the faster you can weed out those candidates the cheaper will be the hiring process. A phone screening interview is just for that purpose, it doesn't cost you much and also suitable for candidate, as they don't have to take off and come down to your office. It's flexible for both the parties.

How to Convert Date to String in Java with Example

Some times we need to convert java.util.Date to string in java may for displaying purpose I need it that while working on displaying then I thought about this article to list down various way of converting this in various ways after some reading I found that SimpleDateFormat makes this quite easy. To get the feel of Date API in java and to familiarize ourselves with these classes we will see different examples of converting date to String in our application.

Difference between SendRedirect() and Forward() in JSP Servlet

Difference between SendRedirect and forward is one of the classical interview questions asked during a java web developer interview. This is not just applicable for servlet but also for JSP in which we can use forward action or call sendRedirect() method from scriptlet. Before examining the difference on forward and SendRedirect let’s see what send Redirect method and forward method does.

SendRedirect ():  

This method is declared in HttpServletResponse Interface.

Signature: void sendRedirect(String url)

Difference between Primitive and Reference variable in Java

There are two types of variables in Java, primitive and reference type. All the basic types e.g. int, boolean, char, short, float, long and double are known as primitive types. JVM treats them differently than reference types, which is used to point objects e.g. String, Thread, File, and others. Reference variables are not pointers but a handle to the object which is created in heap memory. The main difference between primitive and reference type is that primitive type always has a value, it can never be null but reference type can be null, which denotes the absence of value. So if you create a primitive variable of type int and forget to initialize it then it's value would be 0, the default value of integral type in Java, but a reference variable by default has a null value, which means no reference is assigned to it.

What is EnumMap in Java – Example Tutorial

What is EnumMap in Java

EnumMap in Java is added on JDK  5 release along with other important features like  Autoboxing, varargs, and Generics. EnumMap is a specialized Map implementation designed and optimized for using Java Enum as key. Since enum can represent a type (like class or interface)  in Java and it can also override equals() and hashCode(), It can be used inside HashMap or any other collection but using  EnumMap brings implementation-specific benefits which are done for enum keys, In short EnumMap is optimized Map implementation exclusively for enum keys. As per Javadoc Enum is implemented using Arrays and common operations result in constant time.

How to use Fork Join in Java 1.7 - Tutorial with Example

What is fork Join framework in Java: Already popular project coin of JDK7 release has presented a lot of good feature e.g automatic resource management, string in switch case, better exception handling in JDK7, etc. On of another important feature to note is fork-join as the name implies it divides one task into several small tasks as a new fork means child and join all the fork when all the sub-tasks complete. Fork/join tasks is “pure” in-memory algorithms in which no I/O operations come into the picture.it is based on a work-stealing algorithm. The concept of fork-join would be much clear by the following diagram.

InvokeLater and InvokeAndWait in Java Swing (an example tutorial)

Everyone who is doing programming in java swing has to come across invokeAndWait and invokeLater provided by SwingUtilites. In this java swing tutorial, we will learn about both invokeLater() and invokeAndwait() method. In the first part, we will mostly focus on invokeLater and will find answers to questions like What is invokeLater, how to use invokelater in java swing, an example of invokelater in swing, etc while in the second part of this invokeLater tutorial we will learn more about invokeAndWait method in java swing and will learn Why we need InvokeAndWait, how to use InvokeAndWait method in java Swing and differences between invokelater and invokeAndWait.

3 Examples of Parsing HTML File in Java using Jsoup

HTML is the core of the web, all the pages you see on the internet are HTML, whether they are dynamically generated by JavaScript, JSP, PHP, ASP or any other web technology. Your browser actually parse HTML and render it for you. But what would you do,  if you need to parse an HTML document and find some elements,  tags, attributes or check if a particular element exists or not from Java program. If you have been in Java programming for some years, I am sure you have done some XML parsing work using parsers like DOM and SAX, but there is also good chance that you have not done any HTML parsing work. Ironically, there are few instances when you need to parse HTML documents from core Java application, which doesn't include Servlet and other Java web technologies.

How to find IP Address from hostname in Windows Linux and Unix

IP Address from hostname in Windows and Linux
How many times in a day you have a hostname and you want to know the IP address? Hostname to IP address and IP address to hostname conversion is one of frequent thing which we need to do for many things when dealing with networking command in Unix. For one command we need an IP address for others we need hostname even from bash script sometimes we require a hostname and sometimes we look for IP address. networking commands are not as popular as find command or grep command but they are equally important and if you working in Windows or UNIX environment you must learn them and they should also be included in any list of Unix commands for beginners.

How to work with transient variable in java (an example tutorial)

Transient keyword in java is comparatively less common than any other keyword like volatile.since transient is less common it becomes even more important to understand the correct usage of it. In one word transient keyword is used in the serialization process to prevent any variable from being serialized, so if you have any field which is not making sense to serialize, you can simply declare that as transient and it won't be serialized. In this article, we will revise some basics like What is transient variable in java, why do we need a transient variable, and most importantly where should we use a transient variable or which fields need to be declared as transient with example.

Maven JAR Artifiact Dependency Search Not Working in Eclipse - Solved

Recently I face an strange issue while using Maven in Eclipse via M2Eclipse plugin. I have created a Maven Java project in Eclipse and subsequently tried to add Spring framework as dependency, to my surprise, nothing was happening. Eclipse was not able to search dependency in Maven central repository. I was surprised because I have never faced this issue while I was using M2Eclipse plugin from long time. After some trial and error, I realized that this is my brand new workspace and I am running with Eclipse Luna, newest version of Eclipse which I had just downloaded couple days of back. My first hunch was that Eclipse might not able to connect to Internet, and to verify that I tried connecting Eclipse market place, and boom it was working fine. Then I quickly checked Maven settings in Eclipse and found that the option which is required to download and build the index was not turned on. The check box was unchecked there. To give you some background about how Eclipse search dependency on Maven remote repository, be it default Maven central or internal Nexus repository. Eclipse search artifact dependency on repository's index file. If that file is not download or not exist due to any reason, Maven's dependency search will not work in Eclipse. That's why you need to check the option "Download repository Index updates on startup". If this option is enabled then Eclipse will download repository index from configured location e.g. Maven central or Nexus and every time Eclipse will start it will just do update. You should also check the option "Do not automatically update dependencies from remote repositories", because that will download latest build every time they were pushed into Maven central repository. By the way, this error has nothing to do with Eclipse Luna. I received emails from my readers that some of them not able to add dependency in Maven project even in older versions of Eclipse e.g. Kepler and Indigo version. It is totally due to absent of artifact index file. One you enable "Download repository Index updates on startup" option and restart Eclipse, you will see that Eclipse is updating index at the bottom right corner, once this update this finish, you would be able to add dependency using Eclipse Maven GUI. In worst case, if your problem doesn't resolve even after enabling and restarting Eclipse, try re-building Index from Maven repository view in Eclipse, as shown in images attached here.

What is @SuppressWarnings annotation in Java? Unchecked, RawTypes, Serial

@SuppressWarnings annotation is one of the three built-in annotations available in JDK and added alongside @Override and @Deprecated in Java 1.5. @SuppressWarnings instruct the compiler to ignore or suppress, specified compiler warning in annotated element and all program elements inside that element. For example, if a class is annotated to suppress a particular warning, then a warning generated in a method inside that class will also be separated. You might have seen @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") and @SuppressWarnings("serial"), two of most popular examples of @SuppressWarnings annotation. Former is used to suppress warning generated due to unchecked casting while the later warning is used to remind about adding SerialVersionUID in a Serializable class.

ARM- Automatic resource management in Java7 an example tutorial

ARM automatic resource management is  another attractive features of Java 7 and project coin. As name itself implies that now JVM is going to be handling all the external resource and make programmer free to bother about resource management.  If my java programmers use any external resources like file, printer or any devices to close after my program execution complete. Normally we close the resources which we have open in beginning of our program or we decide that if program finish normally how to manage the resource or if our program finish abnormally how to close the resource.

Difference between ArrayList and Vector in Java

ArrayList and Vector are two of most used class on java collection package and difference between Vector and ArrayList is one of the most frequently asked java interview question on first round or phone interview. Though it’s quite a simple question in my opinion but knowledge of when to use Vector over ArrayList or does matter if you are working on a project. In this article we will some point based difference between Vector and ArrayList in Java and trying to understand the concept behind those differences. Ultimate goal is to familiarize yourself with distinguish property of ArrayList and Vector.  Java 5 also adds another implementation of List interface which is similar to Vector and ArrayList but provides better concurrency access than Vector, its called CopyOnWriteArrayList. 

How to loop over two dimensional array in Java?

You can loop over a two-dimensional array in Java by using two for loops, also known as nested loop. Similarly to loop an n-dimensional array you need n loops nested into each other. Though it's not common to see an array of more than 3 dimension and 2D arrays is what you will see most of the places. It's one of the most useful data structures in the programming world. You can use a two-dimensional array to make finite state machine (FSM) solve state-based problems, you can use a 2D array to create board games like Chess, Sudoku, and Tic-Tac-To and you can even use a two-dimensional array to create 2D arcade games e.g. Tetris, Super Mario Bros and so on. Whatever you see on your screen is nothing but a 2D array that is populated using tiles.

2 solution of java.lang.OutOfMemoryError in Java

Everyone in java development faces java.lang.OutOfMemoryError now and then, OutOfMemoryError in Java is one problem which is more due to system's limitation (memory) rather than due to programming mistakes in most cases though in certain cases you could have a memory leak which causing OutOfMemoryError. I have found that even though java.lang.OutOfMemoryError is a quite common basic knowledge of its cause and the solution is largely unknown among junior developers. Beginners books like Head First Java doesn't teach you much about how to deal with this kind of error. You need real experience dealing with production systems, handling a large number of user sessions to troubleshoot and fix performance issues like running out of memory.

Why you should control Visibility of Class and Interface in Java

One of the important aspects of software development is maintenance, and it's proven by experience that software that keeps visibility of its component low is more maintainable than the one who exposes its component more. You won't realize it up front, but you will miss it badly while redesigning your application. Since maintaining backward compatibility is must-have requirement for many app, you end up patching and repeating same mistakes. You can not do much because lots of other applications are tightly integrated with your class and interfaces. Java has always put encapsulation on priority, provided support of access modifiers from very beginning.

How to replace escape XML special characters in Java String

How to replace XML special Characters in Java String

There are two approaches to replace XML or HTML special characters from Java String, First,  Write your own function to replace XML special characters or use any open source library which has already implemented it. Luckily there is one very common open source library which provides a function to replace special characters from XML String is Apache commons lang’s StringEscapeUtils class which provide escaping for several  languages like XML, SQL, and HTML. you can use StringEscapeUtils to convert XML special character in String to their escaped equivalent. I personally like to use open source code instead of reinventing the wheel to avoid any testing efforts.

Java program to find IP Address of localhost - Example Tutorial

How to find IP address of local host from Java program

Java networking API provides method to find IP address of localhost from Java program by using java.net. InetAddress class. It’s rare when you need IP address for localhost in Java program. Mostly I used Unix command to find IP address of localhost. For all practical purpose where program doesn’t need IP address but you need to troubleshoot any networking issues, Use DOS or windows command or Use Linux commands. Recently one of my friend faced this question in a core Java interview, where they are expecting Java developer with some socket programming experience, But until you know or you have done it before its hard to answer this fact based question, which motivates me to write this post.